Some of these traits confer fitness-they allow the individual organism that possesses them to survive in their environment better than other individuals who do not possess them and to leave more offspring. Darwin observed there is a certain amount of variation of traits or characteristics among the different individuals belonging to a population. The modern understanding of the origins of species is based on the theories of Charles Darwin combined with a modern knowledge of genetics based on the work of Gregor Mendel. The process by which species of organisms arise from earlier life forms and undergo change over time through natural selection.
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